Signs & Symptoms
The most common characteristics associated with achondroplasia include:
- Short arms and legs, especially the upper arms and thighs
- Shorter than average trunk length
- Prominent forehead
- Protruding jaw
- Flattened mid-face (malar area)
- Narrow chest
- Abnormal side-to-side and front-to-back spinal curvature
- Curved lower back (lordosis)
- Spinal stenosis, which can cause pain in the lower back, legs, and feet
- Increased risk for respiratory problems due to the narrow chest
- Otitis media, which is an accumulation of fluid in the middle ear
- Joint stiffness
- Limited range of motion in the elbows, hips, and knees
- Increased risk for obstructed airways during sleep (sleep apnea)
- Excessive sweating
Risk Factors
The primary risk factor for achondroplasia is a family history of the disorder. If one parent has the condition, there is an increased chance that any children they have could also inherit it.
Other factors that can increase the likelihood of a child being born with achondroplasia include advanced maternal age and being born small for gestational age.
In some cases, achondroplasia can occur without a family history. When this happens, it is usually due to a spontaneous change in the FGFR3 gene, which plays a role in bone growth and development. The exact cause of this change is not always clear.
Talk to your health care provider for more information or if you are concerned about your pregnancy.